Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by?

• A. No insulin production
• B. Insulin resistance
• C. Excess insulin production
• D. Autoimmune pancreatitis

Answer: (A)

Type 1 diabetes is driven by an autoimmune attack on pancreatic beta cells, leading to their destruction and an absolute lack of insulin production. Without endogenous insulin, glucose cannot enter most body cells, causing high blood sugar and a reliance on external insulin therapy. This contrast with other patterns: insulin resistance is the hallmark of type 2 diabetes, where the body’s cells respond poorly to insulin and insulin supply may be adequate or even high early on; excess insulin production would mean too much insulin, which is not the situation in type 1; autoimmune pancreatitis is a separate pancreatic condition and not the defining feature of type 1 diabetes.